From scanning your favorite pet and creating a figurine for your desk or reverse engineering a part or tool, 3D scanning and 3D printing can be used together to rapidly generate and reproduce ideas. These days, the world of 3D scanning has grown to include hobbyist level equipment all the way to full room setups that capture digital imagery for blockbuster films. All of this three-dimensional data can be used to create geometries for 3D printing. Torrentbits download.
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So how, exactly, does 3D scanning work, and how can it be used to help with the product development process? This article will give an overview on common 3D scanning equipment and file outputs, and what you need to do to prepare your scans for 3D printing.
3D Scanning Basics
At its core, 3D scanning works by capturing visual data with a special device and converting it into a three-dimensional mesh of data, resulting in an image. 3D scanning has evolved to include tracking motion but in terms of 3D printing, we’ll focus on static objects.
There are three different technologies to consider when 3D scanning, so you’ve got a few options depending on your needs:
Laser 3D scanning – This is the most common technique to capture real objects for digital representation. It works very similarly to a camera - the scanner captures only what is in the field of view. A laser dot or line is aimed at an object while the sensor in the scanner calculates the distance between itself and the surface of the object. These scanners are ideal for measuring fine detail and can capture free-form objects with high accuracy.
Photogrammetry – This technique uses photographs to make measurements, simulating the stereoscopy of human vision, and determine an object’s shape, volume, and depth. Wavelab pro 9.5. While it isn’t always the most accurate option, photogrammetry software can aid you in getting a better output.
Structured Light Scanning – This technique projects a variety of light patterns onto an object’s surface, determining how the object’s surface distorts light, creating a three-dimensional image. This technique is commonly used for facial recognition.
After determining the type of scanning you’ll be utilizing, and after completing your 3D scan, the next step is moving onto software.
Software and Poly Models
The hardware and software of 3D scanners work together to translate geometry into a polygon mesh of the physical shape and color. A polygon mesh is a collection of various features including (but not limited to) edges, faces and surfaces, coming together to define a shape.
This mesh uses polygons to give the model a surface - the more polygons a model has, the finer the detail it can pick up. More expensive equipment affords a greater resolution - in other words, it can create a more detailed and exact match of a physical object.
Once an object has been scanned, 3D software interprets the data in the form of a mesh. On occasion, there are broken areas or missing parts to a mesh, simply due to the difficulties in the scanning process or the failure of the scanner to pick up on all the details of a part. However, most current software can help you to repair and close the mesh, leaving you with a solid and closed model.
Once you’re finished scanning your part or tool, you’ll want your mesh to be “water-tight” - if you can imagine the part holding water, the goal is for there to be no areas of leakage. Common file types for poly-based 3D models are STL, OBJ, or 3DS. Conveniently, these file types are perfect for 3D printing as most printers on the market work directly with them.
Getting Ready to Print
Once you have closed the mesh on your part or tool and it is water-tight, it’s time to jump into 3D printing. It’s important to think about the scale of your object and the material you’d like to use when uploading it for printing. Depending on its size, you may be required to scale it up or down.
3D scanning is a great tool to use when it comes to reverse engineering or creating models of real life object. If you have your scans or files ready to print, login or sign up with Fictiv to get your quote today.
This article was written by Sam Ristich, Head of Product Development at RISTICH.
It is possible to capture existing objects into the computer so they can be modified or simply re-created using a 3D printer. This is particularly useful in the case of artwork or other unique formations that could not otherwise be designed easily in a computer model.
The Glen Rose dinosaur track, for example, came from a laser scan of the original fossilized impression, which was used to create an electronic copy of the track that can be shared without risk to the original.
Serial number rave report 8949 instructions. Optical scanning captures only the outer shape of an object, but it is possible to use ultrasound imaging or CT scan data to create models of internal structures as well. Researchers have recently created a model of the first exposed full skeleton of a living animal, for example, by 3D-printing the bone structure taken from a CT scan of the subject.
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Similar data is being used to reconstruct the facial features of mummified remains in Egypt and of the newly discovered remains of King Richard III. Using CT scans and a stereolithographic system, researchers at the University of Dundee were able to print King Richard III’s skull into solid form, re-creating what this long-dead former monarch looked like in life.
Early 3D capturing systems relied on a probe that contacted the printed object at many different locations, defining a “point cloud” around the object’s shape to define its basic geometry, which is then filled in with greater detail as the scanner measures finer points between the original markers. These systems are still used in machinery analysis and other durable environments.
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More recent scanners use illumination from lasers or structured light — projections that measure the distance from the camera to different parts of an object, so there is no risk of harm to the object under investigation from the contact points of the scanner. A handheld self-contained scanner provided by Creaform was used to scan a human face.
Coupled with software on a computer, this structured-light scanner can build a 3D model from repeated measurements of an object’s surface structure as the scanner is simply waved above an object of interest.
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Optical scanners can have difficulty scanning highly reflective surfaces or scanning objects lacking in detailed features. While a mirrored surface would appear as just a longer path to whatever is reflected, a large sphere would appear identical to the scanner from one point to another; the software would have trouble stitching the various different angles together to create a whole model.
When scanning large objects with limited features, it is possible to help the scanner by attaching small reflective dots to the object in various locations; the scanner can use the dots to calculate the orientation of various parts of the scan.
Commercial 3D scanners provide very high-resolution models of scanned objects; such devices can be as small as a handheld scanner or can involve larger, more complex systems that map multiple angles at the same time.
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Scanners can image the inside surface of pipes, map out mineshafts and subterranean caverns, or even scan entire build sites for large structures, using laser tools similar to RADAR called LiDAR. Such systems are used to map mining operations to calculate ore removal, or in surveying to create digital terrain maps.
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Commercial systems such as Creaform, FARO, Artec, XYZ/RGB, and a host of other alternatives provide very high-resolution object models suitable for industrial applications and manufacturing. However, a home user can use inexpensive lower-resolution scanners — like the Kinect video game controller — to model objects for 3D printing. Together with software such as SCENECT, ReconstructMe, or Microsoft Fusion, the Kinect game controller can be used to generate scanned 3D models at home.